Morphological and taxonomic studies of gracilaria and. The evolution of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit i coi gene is sufficiently rapid to allow discrimination between closely related species and biogeographic subgroups within species. Aug 30, 2016 the present study investigated the presence of phytochemical constituents and total phenolic quantification of the seaweeds gracilaria salicornia and gracilaria corticata. Superior quality nonmethylated and lowsulphated galactans were extracted from two indian agarophytes namely gracilaria debilis and g. Ecology of the invasive red alga gracilaria salicornia rhodophyta on oahu, hawaii1 jennifer e. Gracilaria salicornia is one of the most successful invasive algae on reef flats. The adelphoparasite genera gracilariophila and congracilaria have been observed in g. Morphometric and molecular analysis of gracilaria salicornia and its. Discovery of gracilaria salicornia at pala au, molokai. Knobbly agar agar seaweeds gracilaria salicornia on the. Antiinflammatory polyether triterpenoids from the marine macroalga gracilaria salicornia. Gracilaria grassilairreeuh means slender leaved, or graceful leaved. Media in category gracilaria salicornia this category contains only the following file. It has spread over 5 kilometers from its point of introduction on oahu since it was introduced in 1978.
It grows on reefs and forms thick intertwining mats up to 6 inches thick. Conklin,3,5 rebecca most,3,6 thomas sauvage,3,5 cheryl squair,3,4 and celia m. Dawson was introduced intentionally to two reefs on oahu, hawaii, in the 1970s for. Preparation of galactans from gracilaria debilis and gracilaria salicornia gracilariales, rhodophyta of indian waters. Growth and distribution of the macroalgae gracilaria. In shallow water it is often found in very large clumps covered in colonial tunicates or encrusted with epiphytic bryozoans. Sin tsai min and wang luan keng, a photographic guide to the marine algae of singapore, 2015. Pdf preparation of galactans from gracilaria debilis and. Considering the efficiency of algae products in controlling pathogenic bacteria and also easy access to large resources of algae, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of methanolic, chloroformic and aqueous extracts of gracilaria salicornia against aeromonas hydrophila, a heterotrophic, gram.
Bioactivities from marine algae of the genus gracilaria. Gracilaria is one of the algal genera from which agar is extracted. Jan 29, 2010 superior quality nonmethylated and lowsulphated galactans were extracted from two indian agarophytes namely gracilaria debilis and g. A total of fourteen thousand pounds of alien algae was removed from the selected harbor area. By determining whether these fish select for habitats covered with g. This is an invalid name and the species now is recognized as gracilaria gracilis. Gorilla ogo gracilaria salicornia is a brittle seaweed with cylindrical branches 25 millimeters in diameter. Pdf ecology of the invasive red alga gracilaria salicornia. Morphometric and molecular analysis of gracilaria salicornia.
Distribution of gracilaria salicornia in hawaiian islands. Photosynthetic and respiratory responses of gracilaria. Subgenera of gracilaria are largely defined by the location of spermatangia and structure and distribution of spermatangial conceptacles. Gracilaria, graceful redweed eat the weeds and other things. Gracilaria is a genus of red algae notable for its economic importance as an agarophyte, as well as its use as a food for humans and various species of shellfish. Ecology of the invasive red alga gracilaria salicornia rhodophyta. Herbal medicinal products have attracted significant research interest in recent years. Jul 12, 2007 the photosynthetic and respiratory responses of gracilaria salicornia in the subtropical waters of japan in okinawa and in the tropical waters of thailand in rayong and phuket provinces, were studied under various conditions of irradiance, salinity and temperature.
Except for knobbly agaragar red seaweed gracilaria salicornia with distinctive clubshaped segments. Distribution of gracilaria salicornia in hawaiian islands distribution hawaii. Gracilaria salicornia is now considered an invasive species on oahu due to its tendency to grow in dense beds that produce undesirable windrows of thalli on the beach. Gracilaria salicornia removal kaunakakai harbor january 2010. There are more than 180 current gracilaria species. Gracilaria salicornia is very successful in calm, protected waters. The species are difficult to differentiate based on external features alone. Gracilaria salicornia was originally described as being from manila, the philippines, and is. It is yellowish if growing in sunny spots, and dark green or brownish when grown in shaded areas. Some 30 yr later, this species has spread from the initial sites of introduction and is now competing with native marine flora and fauna. Agar agar red seaweeds gracilaria on the shores of singapore. Standing stock, agar yield and properties of gracilaria salicornia.
Ecology of the invasive red alga gracilaria salicornia. Assessment of native agar gels extracted from gracilaria. The red seaweed, gracilaria salicornia and its adelphoparasite were collected from eleven study sites along the east and west coasts of the gulf of thailand. Before after the ais team conducted a gracilaria salicornia gorilla ogo removal event at kaunakakai harbor, august 2009. Gracilaria have been found along the coast of various regions of asia1012. This alien algae is usually sterile in hawaiian waters, but has been found to propagate sexually as well as asexually. Gracilaria salicornia gracilariaceae hear species info. Pdf the viability of red alga gracilaria salicornia seaweed. Considering the efficiency of algae products in controlling pathogenic bacteria and also easy access to large resources of algae, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of methanolic, chloroformic and aqueous extracts of gracilaria salicornia against aeromonas hydrophila, a heterotrophic, gramnegative, rodshaped bacterium found. Superior quality agar from gracilaria species gracilariales, rhodophyta collected from the gulf of mannar, india article pdf available in journal of applied phycology 204. A beautiful species of gracilaria featuring rigid, flame shaped branches that form a tight symmetrical bush. In particular, the parasitic red alga has been found in g. Many studies classifying gracilaria species for the exploitation of agarophytes and the development of the agar industry were conducted before the prevalence of molecular tools, resulting in the description of many species based solely on their morphology. The galactans were characterised by ftir, c nmr, gcms, icp, gpc and rheological measurements.
Aug 30, 20 dna barcoding is becoming a widely applied tool for the quick and accurate identification of species. Cytotoxic, antioxidant and phytochemical analysis of. Ecology of the invasive red alga gracilaria salicornia rhodophyta on oahu. Pdf preparation of galactans from gracilaria debilis and gracilaria. The agitated samples were centrifuged to separate biomass from supernatant, deionized water washed and. This alga showed adaptability in its photosynthetic and respiratory responses to oceanic salinity as well as to subtropical to.
This green macro algae grows very fast and has a bush like growth. Molecular differentiation of two morphological variants of. Under gracilaria salicornia, along with the synonyms tabulated herein under. Dawson is of uncertain taxonomic status1 although it is of interest commercially. In hawaii many alien algae were first collected in or around harbors and. Dawson was introduced intentionally to two reefs on oahu, hawaii, in the 1970s for experimental aquaculture for the agar industry. Its a semitransparent saltwater plan with a bright green hue, we also carry the red version. Nov 05, 2014 media in category gracilaria the following 6 files are in this category, out of 6 total. Gracilaria salicornia information gracilaria salicornia ecology, habitat, dispersal, and management are from the global invasive species database. Gracilaria salicornia international journal of fisheries and aquatic. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative.
A likely vector of transport of invasive marine algae is through ship fouling andor ballast water. Antiinflammatory polyether triterpenoids from the marine. Plants frequently decumbent and imbricate, spreading in clumps to 30 cm or broader, often acumulating rocks and pebbles between branches. Gracilaria salicornia was introduced intentionally to two reefs on oahu, hawaii, in the 1970s for experimental aquaculture for the agar industry smith et al.
Pdf superior quality nonmethylated and lowsulphated galactans were extracted from two indian agarophytes namely gracilaria debilis and g. Various species within the genus are cultivated among asia, south america, africa and oceania. Cytotoxicity of seaweeds was tested against ht29, hela, and mcf7 cell lines. Biosorption of rhodamine b onto novel biosorbents from. Research open access dna barcode assessment of gracilaria. Gracilaria seaweeds are usually given a strong alkaline treatment before extraction, which causes hydrolysis of sulfate groups and transforms important quantities of lgalactose 6sulfate into 3,6anhydrolgalactose, thereby significantly increasing the gel strength of the agar obtained. Genetic and morphological analyses of gracilaria firma and g. The viability of red alga gracilaria salicornia seaweed farming for commercial extraction of agar at kibuyuni in kwale county. Tertrasporangia scattered over surface, 1620 by 4045 m. Taxonomy, images, description, ecology, impacts and distribution of. Dna barcode assessment of gracilaria salicornia gracilariaceae, rhodophyta from southeast asia article pdf available in botanical studies 5427. Pdf this experimental study investigated the growing and viability of the red seaweed gracilaria salicornia for commercial extraction of agar.
Green gracilaria for sale marine plants macroalgae for sale. Antioxidant potential of these two gracilaria species was also analyzed. Dna barcoding is becoming a widely applied tool for the quick and accurate identification of species. Marine algae gracilaria salicornia overview view info about adobe acrobat pdf format. The interactions of naso unicornis, bluespine unicornfish, with g. Dna barcode assessment of gracilaria salicornia gracilariaceae, rhodophyta from southeast asia mi yeon yang1, paul john l geraldino2 and myung sook kim1 abstract background. The survey was conducted on april 16 during a negative tide. Intertidal plants are often without constrictions, subtidal plants with constrictions. Newly described natural leads attenuate proinflammatory 5lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase2 author. Ethanol activation of kappaphycus alvarezii, gracilaria salicornia and gracilaria edulis was carried out in separate 250 ml conical flask with 50 ml of 1 m ethanol and 10 g of each biomass, and the content placed in shaker at 150 rpm for 5 h. Antibacterial activities of bioactive compounds extracted. Pdf dna barcode assessment of gracilaria salicornia. The warty gracilaria is supposed to correspond to gracilaria verrucosa.
Pdf morphometric and molecular analysis of gracilaria salicornia. Habitat gracilaria salicornia is found in tidepools and on reef flats, intertidal to subtidal 4 meters deep, attached to limestone and basalt substrates. Green gracilaria sp, also called green ogo, is a tropical macroalge that is an excellent algae scrubber and a colorful addition to your aquarium environment. It is lightly calcified so the addition of calcium is recommended.
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